Paleolithic Age (1.5 million years ago):
- Evidence of human activity in Jordan.
Neolithic Age (12000 BCE – 3500 BCE):
- City of Jericho founded in the region of Jordan around 9000 BCE.
- Community of Ain Ghazal flourishes in Jordan from about 7000 BCE to 5000 BCE.
Bronze Age (3600 BCE – 1200 BCE):
- Emergence of fortified towns and urban centers in Jordan.
Ancient Empires:
- Region of Jordan part of the Akkadian Empire (c. 2334 BCE – c. 2100 BCE).
- Arrival of the Hyksos in Jordan around 2000 BCE.
- Hyksos driven from Jordan by the Egyptians in 1570 BCE.
- Region of Jordan flourishes under the reign of Egyptian pharaoh Thutmose III (1458 BCE – 1425 BCE).
Iron Age (1200 BCE – 332 BCE):
- Kingdoms of Ammon, Edom, and Moab flourish during this period.
Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian Empires:
- Area conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire around c. 740-720 BCE.
- After the collapse of the Assyrians, area incorporated into the Neo-Babylonian Empire under Nebuchadnezzar the Great (605-539 BCE).
- Becomes part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great (539-330 BCE).
Greek Influence
- Greeks under Alexander the Great conquer the area in 330 BCE.
- Alexander dies in 323 BCE, leading to disputes between the Ptolemies in Egypt and the Seleucids in Syria.
Nabataean Kingdom:
- Flourishes from the 3rd century BCE to 100 AD, controlling trade routes from Petra.
Roman Rule
- Roman general Pompey the Great annexes the region in 63 BCE, which becomes a Roman province.
- Roman Emperor Hadrian visits Jerash in Jordan in 129-130 CE, commemorated by a triumphal arch.
Islamic Conquest and Later Empires:
- Arab conquest in 636.
- Umayyad dynasty establishes Damascus as the capital around c. 650.
- Abbasids overthrow the Umayyads in 750.
- Jordan ruled by the Fatimid Caliphate from 969 to 1070.
- Becomes part of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1115 to 1187.
- Defeat of the Crusaders by Salah ad-Din in 1187.
- Mongol invasion in 1260, defeated by Mamluk forces.
- Ottomans conquer the region in 1516.
Modern Period
- World War One from 1914 to 1918.
- Great Arab Revolt in 1916.
- Emirate of Transjordan established in 1921.
- Jordan recognized as an independent sovereign kingdom by the United Nations in 1946.
- Jordan annexes the West Bank in 1950.
- Jordan expels Palestinian Liberation Organisation armed camps in 1970-71.
- Peace treaty with Israel signed in 1994.
- King Hussein dies in 1999, succeeded by Crown Prince Abdullah.
Disclaimer: The information provided on this website is intended for educational and informational purposes only. While efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information presented, we cannot guarantee that all data is correct or up-to-date. Users are advised to independently verify any information obtained from this site before making decisions or taking actions based on it. Additionally, the content on this site may be subject to change or correction without prior notice. We disclaim any liability for errors, omissions, or inaccuracies in the information provided, and users agree to use the information at their own risk.